WHO Universal Health Coverage
Health care in Guatemala is provided through a government and private sector system, and focuses on many different systems of prevention and care. The Constitution of Guatemala states that every citizen has the universal right to health care. [4] : v Currently the health care system in Guatemala is strong within the country’s urban agglomerations, however, the right to health has been difficult to guarantee due to limited government resources and other access problems in rural areas. The health care system in place today developed out of the Civil War in Guatemala. The Civil War prevented social reforms from occurring, especially in the health sector. [5] : 6
Twelve percent of Guatemalans turn to the private sector for health care. This sector includes civil society organizations (CSOs) and/or religious organizations that operate on a not-for-profit basis. There is also an insignificant private health insurance sector. According to MSPAS estimates, non-governmental organizations provide coverage to about 18% of the population. Private insurance covers less than 8% of the population, mainly belonging to the two wealthiest and predominantly urban quintiles. According to MSPAS, the expansion of coverage in the period from 1990 to 2004 was 66%.
Universal health care
De Gregorio J. Economic growth in Chile. Evidence, sources and perspectives. Working Papers No. 298. Central Bank of Chile. December 2004. http://www.bcentral.cl/estudios/documentos-trabajo/pdf/dtbc298esp.pdf27.
Superintendencia de Salud. 2015. Estudio de opinión a usuarios del sistema de salud, reforma y posicionamiento de la superintendencia de salud (Project Leader: Paulina Valenzuela A. Technical Counterpart: Marcela Pezoa G). March 2015. http://www.supersalud.gob.cl/portal/w3-article-12430.html Article by invitation of the Editors. Conflicts of interest: none to declare. Correspondence to: Dr. Alejandro Goic G.
What is universal health
Subsequently, protection mechanisms led to a series of social insurances, among which the following stand out: Workers’ Retirement (1919), Compulsory Maternity Insurance (1923), Forced Unemployment Insurance (1931), Health Insurance (1942), Compulsory Old Age and Disability Insurance (SOVI) (1947). The protection provided by these insurances soon proved to be insufficient, which led to the appearance of other protection mechanisms articulated through the Labor Mutual Insurance Companies, organized by labor sectors and whose benefits were intended to complete the pre-existing protection. Given the multiplicity of Mutualidades, this system of protection led to discrimination among the working population, produced financial imbalances and made rational and efficient management very difficult.
The first major reform took place with the publication of Royal Decree Law 36/1978 of November 16, 1978, which, as agreed in the Moncloa Pacts, created a system of institutional participation of the social agents, favoring the transparency and rationalization of Social Security, as well as the establishment of a new management system carried out by the following bodies:
Qué es la salud gratuita
En 2005, los Estados miembros de la OMS adoptaron una resolución en la que se alentaba a los países a desarrollar sistemas de financiación sanitaria capaces de alcanzar y/o mantener la cobertura universal de los servicios de salud, es decir, que todas las personas tengan acceso a los servicios sanitarios necesarios sin riesgo de sufrir graves consecuencias financieras. Para ello, un reto importante para muchos países será dejar de lado los pagos directos, que suelen ser una fuente importante de recaudación de fondos. Habrá que desarrollar o ampliar los métodos de prepago, pero, además de las cuestiones relativas a la recaudación de ingresos, habrá que prestar especial atención a la puesta en común de los fondos para repartir los riesgos y permitir su uso eficiente y equitativo. El desarrollo de mecanismos de prepago puede llevar tiempo, dependiendo del contexto económico, social y político de los países. Habrá que elaborar normas específicas para la política de financiación sanitaria y adaptar las organizaciones de ejecución al nivel que los países puedan apoyar y sostener. En este documento proponemos un marco global centrado en las normas y organizaciones de financiación sanitaria que puede utilizarse para apoyar a los países en el desarrollo de sus sistemas de financiación sanitaria en la búsqueda de la cobertura universal.
